In pragmatics, there has been a great a great deal of interest on politeness phenomenon. The extent of interest is so vast that it has been considered a sub-discipline of pragmatics. Moreover, they are divergences in approaching politeness. The diversity is conclusively evident, when the conceptualistion and operational definition of the concept is concerned. This paper altempts to demonstrate that the current confusion is inherent in the very concept of politeness. Furthermore, the complexity and diversity regarding this multifaceted concept necessarily give rise to dubious and unreliable research conclusions.

In Islamic philosophy, two phrases about the concept/ meaning of existence are famous: concept of existence: 1) is the most general concept; 2) is simple, primary evident and unDefinable. But the favorite theory about the Nafsol al – Amr (the truth in itself) draws us to conclusion that existence (special existence or opposed the inexistence) is set in the following of two general concepts: 1) reality in the general sense (general existence), 2) real existence (against credit existence). In other words, special existence firstly is subgroup of general existence; secondly is subgroup of real existence. We can define the two mixture as follows: (general existence+ reality= real existence) + property of opposing inexistence= special existence. Therefore, special existence is compound of three affairs (general existence, reality and property of opposing inexistence. Hence, 1. Existence is not the most general concept; 2. Is not simple, primary evident rather it is secondary evident so is Definable. But general existence which is not opposed to inexistence: 1. is the most general concept; 2. is simple, primary evident and unDefinable.

A structure M is an o-minimal structure if every Definable subset X of M is a finite union of intervals and points. Every o-minimal structure is a topological space. A Definable set X in M is called a definably compact set if every Definable curve in it is completable in X. The Definable compactness of a Definable set X is equivalent to be closed and bounded. A idea of Definable space generalizes theorem of Robson for semialgebraic spaces, A Definablespace is not a Definable set but it looks like the Definable sets. Indeed Definable spaces are constructed by the gluing of sets which are not Definable but they are relativ to Definable sets. In this paper we will recall the concept of Definable space and introduce the notion of Definable compactness in it. We show that a Definable set X in the housdorff Definable space is Definable compact if and only if it is closed and bounded.

Let R be a ring. The class of SA-injective right R-modules (SAIR) is introduced as a class of soc-injective right R-modules. Let N be a right R-module. A right R-module M is said to be SA-N-injective if every R-homomorphism from a semi-artinian submodule of N into M extends to N. A module M is called SA-njective, if M is SA-R-injective. We characterize rings over which every right module is SA-injective. Conditions under which the class SAIR is closed under uotient (resp. directsums, pure homomorphic images) are given. The definability of the class SAIR is studied. Finally, relations between SA-injectivity and certain generalizations of injectivity are given.

Sheikh Ishraq is one of the serious critics of the Genus-differentia definition, and in particular the definition upon essence. in his works, he introduces two different ways to define objects. In the first place, the definition of the beings require definition (compounds), upon their attributes and their properties (in his words, simples), and in the second, the definition upon conceptual essentials. Theory of Definition upon simples consists of seven components. In this paper, by analyzing these components, we explain the definition upon simples and some of its deficiencies. For Suhrawardi, the definition that does not lead to concepts derived from intuition (including sensory and supra-spiritual) is not knowledgeable. In view of Sheikh Ishraq the perception that belongs to accidents and, in his sense, the sensory simles, is intuition and the supernatural beings are the supernatural intuitions. In his view, the obvious presentations that other presentations should lead them are presentations derived directly from intuitive knowledge.

Introduction: The Malocclusion or misalignment of teeth affects not only oral function but also facial esthetics and the psychological well-being of patients. In addition, obsessivecompulsive disorder is a psychological disorder associated with anxiety involving 22. 5% of the population during their life. This study aimed to assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients having class I malocclusion with crowding. Materials & Methods: In this case-control trial, Using the Yale-Brown questionnaire, female patients with 18-22 years old of ages having class I crowding malocclusion and referring to orthodontic department of Azad Dental school enrolled in the trial as the case group (n = 60). The participants with similar malocclusion without reference for orthodontic treatments followed up as the control group (n = 60). The obtained data by Yale-Brown questionnaire classified the obsessive-compulsive disorder in the participants into four groups of mild, fairly mild, moderate and severe levels. The results of the two groups were analyzed using the Chi-square test (p value < 0. 05). Results: In malocclusion patients referring for orthodontic treatments, 19 (31. 7%) had mild OCD; 7 (11. 7%) had fairly mild OCD; 23 (38. 3%) had moderate OCD and 11 (18. 3%) showed severe OCD. These values were 28 (46. 7%); 12 (20. 0%); 15 (25. 0%) and 5 (8. 3%) for malocclusion patients not referring for orthodontic patients respectively. No significant differences were found among 2 groups regarding severity of OCD (p value = 0. 07). Conclusion: In terms of the severity of OCD, there were no significant variations between malocclusion patients with and without referring for orthodontic treatments.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Marginal seal is one of the most important factors for a successful restoration.It is commonly accepted that microleakage can be reduced by utilization of an incremental filling procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different layering techniques on microleakage in direct class II composite restorations.METHODS & MATERIALS: 30 freshly extracted human premulars were used to prepare classll cavities, divided into 3 groups of 10 each (H, O, V).Each cavity was restorated with composite (Z250, 3M, ESPE) using 3 different filling technique.Group H was filled in horizontal /Group O was restorated by an oblique incremental technique and group V by a vertical technique.Then teeth were immersed in Agnitrate 50% byW. And prepared for studing under the steeormicroscope 20×. The result of microleakage was compared among groups by kruskal-wallis test. (Pv>0.05) RESULT: There was no signtificant difference between the vertical and oblique incremental filling comparing with the horizontal technique.

Background: Based on the studies which have been done till now, resynchronization of ventricular contraction results in clinical improvement in patients who suffer from moderate to severe heart failure with intraventricular conduction disturbance. and using this method is increasing in our country. Study in this filed seems to be necessary.Material and methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with advanced heart failure, NYHA class III and IV, LV ejection fraction (EF)£35%, QRS³120 were studied before and 3 months after CRT. Mean age was 60, 57 and 8 patients with NYHA class III and IV respectively. All patients received furosemide, spironolactone, carvedilol, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II –receptors blockers at the optimal tolerated dosage. Mean LVEF was 20.83%. Echocardiographic (Tissue Doppler Imaging), ECG and Function class (NYHA) were assessed at baseline before implantation and 3 months after.Result: LV ejection fraction increased +6.8% (21.10±7 vs. 27.93±8.4%, P<0.001). Mitral valve regurgitation severity reduced (P<0.013). Interventricular mechanical delay reduced (53.83ms±18.45 vs. 26.53ms±13.90 P=0.000) and also Intra ventricular mechanical delay reduced (62.53ms±25.08 vs. 45.55ms±13.47, P=0.000). Dilated cardiomyopathic group has more mean changes in LVEF than Ischemic group (+9.06%±7.3 vs. +4.08%±6.5, P=0.01).Conclusion: Biventricular pacing results in significant clinical improvement in patients who have moderate to severe heart failure.